Amr Sabet 22.11.2008 ja 24.2.2009
Answer 3 of the following 4 questions.
1. The concept of culture has been higlighted by Geert Hofstede as an important dimension of inter-group interaction whether between societes, nations, or organizations. How does Hofstede define “culture” and elaborate on its layers, manifestations, dimensions, as well as differences.
2. Intercultural encounters involve a complex of linguistic, psychological as well as attitudinal approaches. What does Hofstedt mean by such encounters and how do these approaches reflect themselves in the cultural dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance.
3. C. Pollitt and G. Bouckaert attempted to address three main questions related to the nature of Public Management Reform: Why public management reform? What is public management reform? And who is public management reform? Explain and define clearly what is meant by public management reform, and elaborate on how both authors addressed these
questions especially in light of criticism launched against National Public Bureaucracy.
4. C. Pollitt and G. Bouckaert proposed a public management reform model as a framework depicting the broad forces that have been driving and restraining change or reform. Explain this model as well as its key assumptions and concepts.